Jeffrey Dahmer- Serial Killer Essays - Gay Men,

Jeffrey Dahmer- "Serial Killer" When we look back at some "crimes of the century" some that should definately come to mind are the gruesome murders the late Jeffrey Dahmer performed. This mysterious serial killer, also known as the Milwaukee Cannibal, probably accounted for one of the most famous cases in history. He seemed to kill for reasons no better then just lust and gratification. The serial killer knocked off 17 people over 13 years, all starting when he was just 18! He would lure his victims, usually young men, to his apartment with drugs, alcohol, and money. Dahmer went as far as to dismember and store body parts throughout his apartment after killing them. He would sometimes even eat these dismembered body parts. Some say he went so long without being caught because he chose the ever shifting population such as drifters and prostitutes who had no real identity. He did not kill acquaintances or lovers as many murderers did. When arrested in Milwaukee in 1991 Dahmer confessed to all 17 murders, and was sentenced to about 900 years in prison. Dahmer was eventually bludgeoned to death himself in prison. Obviously, as the media fed off these sick murders, so many asked how could anyone possibly ever think of doing this? Where did this super evil side in Dahmer come from? Why did he get away with it for so long,? and Can we foresee something like this and prevent it? This is a guy who's neighbor thought would be a good guy to have some beer and chips with over a football game. Jeffrey was not abused as a child, nor did he have a horrible background. He was born to a rather quiet graduate student at Marquette University, and his mother worked for a telephone company. He was a shy boy who, like other young boys, liked sweets and loved his dog. It seemed to be a rather ordinary, normal family, but things must have been taking there toll somewhere along the line. There were a few things that were a little strange that may have molded Jeffrey's mind. The marriage was rough, the father was fairly distant and, Jeffrey and his brother were seen together but, it was stated in one article that they were never really close. Jeff did also show some scattered flashes of uncontrollable rage, but it was put off as a normal temper. There, however, no real red flag or tell tale signs he would turn out like this. To try to explain this person and his actions we will examine a number of theories out of John Curra's Understanding Social Deviance. The first theory we will look at is the Control Theory or Bond Theory. This theory was developed by Hirschi and is probably the most significant control theory. This particular thoery claims that a person is much less likely to be delinquent if they had ties to the conventional world(Curra 50-51). This theory absolutely corresponds with the actions of Jeffrey Dahmer. Hirschi pointed out four dimensions of the bond to society. These were : attachment, commitment, involvement, and beliefs(Curra 50). Attachment is when someone really cares for someone, like family, friends, or teachers and this person is far less likely to commit deviant acts. An example of this would be boys who were attached to a teacher or coach did not want to disappoint them by committing a deviant act. This is also true with boys attached or very close with their parents. Commitment is the level of investment one has in conformity. Someone who has a very high level is probably going to conform, while on the other hand those with a low level will not. Involvement has to do with being involved in conventinal behavior which, in turn, limits the persons shots of committing deviant acts. Being involved in school is an example here. This one reason dropouts have a higher delinquency rate. This is also where I think they get the idea that PAL (Police Athletic League) would be helpful to youths. Lastly, Hirschi described beliefs. Here, it is believed that some people have a stronger belief then others that they should obey to society's rules. In Jeffrey Dahmer's case the attachment dimension of the Bond Theory definately was not present. As I stated before; his father was distant, and he was not even that close with his brother. The problems with these ties were likely linked with his crimes. Also under the attachment part

Essay on Student Petroleum and north Dakota

Essay on Student Petroleum and north Dakota Essay on Student: Petroleum and north Dakota | 2013 | | Taylors College Lucas Pires - 2065089 Teacher: Jonathan | [Oil industry in north dakota] | | Contents Abstract 1 Introduction 2 1. North Dakota First two Booms. 3 1.1: 50’s oil boom 3 1.2: 80’s oil boom 4 1.3: Horizontal Drilling in North Dakota. 4 2. The Bakken and the Fraking boom. 5 2.1: The social Impact. 5 2.2: Why now? 6 3. Hydraulic Fraking Process 8 4. Environment impacts 9 4.1 The wild life 10 4.2 Water 10 4.3 CO2 gas emission. 11 5. Conclusion. 12 Reference list 13 Graphs, Images and Diagrams contents. Graph 1: Oil Industry Booms in North Dakota 4 Image 1: The Bakken Shale Formation Map 6 Graph 2: Bakken Well completions 7 Image 2: Oil rig workers 8 Diagram 1: Hydraulic Fraking Process †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 Abstract The aim of this research report is to analyze the boom in the oil industry in North Dakota, USA. Compare the actual boom with the two previous ones in the 50’s and 80’s with the intention to justify the reason why this boom has high expectations from the economists and drill companies. This report will analyze the effects of this phase socially in the American people and the advantages and disadvantages of it. The Report will explain the hydraulic fracking process, utilized for the oil extraction, and the environment impacts that whole extraction process causes. Introduction North Dakota is the state where the oil drill industry is growing the fastest in United States of America was regarded as the Boom in the state in 2008, although there were other booms, actually oil was found in the region in the 50’s but it wasn’t ever properly extracted. They would never be compared with the latest one. In Four years the industry has overtaken Oklahoma, California and Alaska. North Dakota has been considered the main support for the combat to the economic crises proportioning jobs and heating the economy of the country. This situation affects not only the economy but also the affects socially the inhabitants of the state. However it is the Environment that pays the highest price because of the impacts there caused, including deforestation and contamination of potable underground water. 1. North Dakota First two Booms. Graph 1: Oil Industry Booms in North Dakota. The Graph 1 clearly shows the oil industry in North Dakota with the number of wells drilled in each year from 1950 to 2000. The booms are noticeable in the two main peaks in the graph; the first in late 50’s exceeding 400 wells drilled and in the beginning of the 80’s when the wells drilled exceeded 800. 1.1: 50’s oil boom The Oil industry in North Dakota actually started in the 50’s in Iverson farm in the north of the state by the Amerada Petroleum Corporation, but the official date is 4th of April of 1951 when the drilling became economically viable. The discovery period was a time of great excitement not only in North Dakota but in oil cycles around the country. After Iverson Amerada continued finding other profitable drilling areas, Nesson Anticline extended the production 75 miles in a north-south line (Bluemle 2001). The discoveries continued and the ones already in function were producing and developing. However there was a problem that would be uncommon nowadays in the United States. The was no shortage of oil in the country in the 50’s, for this reason most of the oil drilling areas couldn’t achieve their maximum production and they had to be prorated in order to avoid waste of oil. This problem was fixed when was defined that all the producers would receive an equitable s hare of the market (Bluemle 2001). From the period of 1966 to 1974 the oil production declined due to a failure on discoveries of new drilling points and that marked the end of the first oil boom in North Dakota. 1.2: 80’s oil boom The second Oil boom in

How To Get Your Student To Take Academic Responsibility

As parents, you probably feel that your student is incredible. To you, they are intelligent, motivated, intellectual, creative, and everything that colleges would ever want in a student. However, as brilliant as your student may be, you may recognize that they don’t always try their best when it comes to schoolwork. It’s important that you as a parent note that this kind of apathetic behavior towards school work is perfectly normal. As the school year drones on and the spring semester gets well underway, students often lose interest in academics. It’s possible that they have been in the same classes for so many months that they may be getting bored of the subject. It’s also possible that they may not fully understand how much is riding on their academics from a college admissions perspective. Either way, if you feel like your teenager is lacking academic responsibility or may be losing interest in school, here are some suggestions you can try to help get your student back on track. Just because high school and college applications were a certain way when you were in high school doesn’t mean that that’s how they are now. In fact, with the advent of technology in the classroom and the increased diversity of the US student population, the likelihood of there being similarities between your high school experience and theirs is pretty slim. Thus, when you’re talking to your child about schoolwork and assessing whether they’ve lost interest in academics, it’s important to not compare your high school career to theirs. You truly don’t know everything about what they’re going through, so the, â€Å"When I was your age, we did†¦Ã¢â‚¬  argument is truly irrelevant here. Of course, you should try to give your child advice but only where you think you are qualified to give it. A good method is to not tell your teenager what you did when you were their age but instead tell them what you would do if you were in high school now. Finally, make sure that it is clear to your child that just because times have changed doesn’t mean that you are not still knowledgeable and capable of helping him/her. Getting through to a teenager usually takes more than a few stern warnings or even some gentle encouragement. As a parent, you need to take an active role in making sure that your teen not only knows the importance of getting back on the academic track but also is constantly taking steps to improve himself/herself. This means that you’re going to have to first sit your student down and explain to them that you’re not seeing them doing their best in their academics and that you’re just looking out for their well-being. Then, in the next few weeks, you need to constantly motivate, encourage, and work with your student to make sure they’re getting back on track. This can include looking at and helping them with their homework, proofreading their essays, or even setting up a reward system for getting good grades. Our Early Advising Program helps students in 9th and 10th grade discover their passions and build strong academic and extracurricular profiles to succeed in high school. The fact of the matter is that you are your teenager’s parent, not a cool teacher or a counselor who your teen may feel comfortable sharing their struggles with. It’s important for you to try and break down that communication barrier by presenting yourself as someone who is here to help rather than rigid old Mom/Dad with impossibly high expectations. A great way to try and break down that communication barrier to start by assuring your teen that it is okay for them to make mistakes as long as they learn from them and that you are always there to help them if they need it. You need to also stress that when he/she talks to you, they are in a no-judgment zone. Your only goal should be to help your teen, not criticize them. If your teen knows that you are serious about that, they will be more motivated to share their life with you. Hopefully, by creating this safe environment for your student to talk, your student will be able to open up about his/her academic struggles. From there, you two can work together to find the root of the issue and start working to get your student back on track. It’s not that easy to get back on the right academic track by yourself, especially as a busy high school student with a host of other responsibilities that have nothing to do with academics. Thus, it is often necessary to bring in others to help fix an academic situation in need. It is up to you, as the parent, to make sure your child has all of the tools that they need to succeed. Be sure to stress to your teen that you are there to help them succeed academically, whether it be helping them with their homework or getting them some school supplies to be more organized. You can also tell them that you’re more than willing to outsource the help to a professional like a near-peer mentor, counselor, or tutor who can better relate to them and understand their academic struggles. If your teen knows that there are all of these resources at their disposal and tons of people who are rooting for him/her to succeed, they may start to get the sense that academics are important. It may even motivate them to start improving their grades on their own. Teens are often in an emotional state while they’re in high school, and can you blame them? The high school environment is not always kind, what with the prevalence of bullying, cliques, and other social pressures in many high schools. Try to put yourself in their shoes for a moment and understand what they might be going through emotionally. Their emotional state and their school environment all factor into their academic performance. If you create an open, loving, and tolerant environment for your teen to share what their experiences in school are like and overall what is going on with them, your teen may be more open and honest with you. They may also respect you more and be more likely to take your advice on getting their academics back on track. When it comes to eliciting change from your student, it’s important to create an open, non-judgmental conversation with the sole aim of helping your teen. Let them know that their problems are your problems and that you are only interested in their success. From there, you can foster a positive relationship that will lead to your teen’s academic improvement. For other helpful advice for the parents of high school students, check out these previous blog posts: Feeling like your child needs a little boost in high school? Check out ’s Neer Peer Mentorship Program , where they will be matched with a successful college student who is on the same path as they are when it comes to your academic, career, and college goals. This mentor will meet with you and your student to provide helpful advice on all topics from college admissions to career goals, and they’ll make sure that your student is poised to succeed throughout high school.

Personal skills and self-management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal skills and self-management - Assignment Example The new initiative is the work of the ANZ Mortgages that entails implementing a policy requesting the non-issuance of Certificate of Titles for all the mortgages which are registered by the ANZ Bank in Western Australia. The purpose of this project is to eliminate the issuance of duplicate Titles to the bank by the Titles office. This initiative is supposed to be implemented and running in the next three months. The initiative stakeholders will involve several groups among them, customers, solicitors and a government department. This initiative will be facilitated by technology as it will reduce costs and improve service efficiency. Planning of a new project or initiative is usually difficult as many people are usually against the idea because of the perceived change of status quo. To make sure a move successful it is important to talk to all the parties involved of the benefits of such a project and the likely effects that such a project would have on them or their day to day operat ions. The management may also be sceptical of the idea because of the costs involved in setting up such projects. During planning the project goals need to be identified, the project deliverables need to be set, the time frame and the supporting plans need to be established in order to make the project successful. This project is relevant as it will reduce unnecessary paper work and procedures involved in keeping of duplicate titles at the titles office (Haugan, 2002, 2-39). Once the project is identified by the management or proposed by the staff as was the case for this initiative, a major decision process often begins. Several decisions have to be made whether the project should be implemented or not. In the decision making process a variety of things are involved. In this project a decision needs to be made whether this initiative is actually beneficial to the organization or not. It will be of no benefit if a project was begun which does not add value to the organization. The o bjective of this project as explained above is to eliminate the issuing of Duplicate Titles to the bank by the titles office. The current procedure at the Bank is that when taking security over landed assets in the form of a first registered mortgage, the client is supposed to deliver a duplicate certificate of Titles to the Department of Land Administration in Western Australia. The duplicate titles plus a copy of the mortgages are then filled in the security packet at ANZ. The problem here arises as a result of the duplication of the documents in order to have copies left in both offices. Another issue is to do with the entire system and how it operates. There are so many disadvantages of the current system namely: the risk of the certificates being lost, high cost of replacing lost certificates, expensive storage equipment are required for storing the certificates and the rental cost of the storage space. As much as it is a good thing it is a tedious process that needs to be elim inated as it wastes effort, time and space (Project Smart, 2011). According to this plan few options exist. The first option will be to continue having the current system which involves a lot of work and duplication of efforts. The second option that exists is to eliminate the process in totality so as to have a more efficient system that will utilize the available resources at an affordable cost to the organization. This is what the project proposes as it will have a lot of benefits. The benefits include the elimination of misfiled certificate and all the costs and penalties that are associated with them, reduction of the physical space required for the storage of these documents, reduction in paper handling/recording and transfer for both offices, security of the documents as they will be handled once and filed by the Bank staff and efficient customer service. Therefore the implementation of this initiative will go a long way in helping the Bank achieve its objectives and also hel p the

Project finance deals usually require some form of Governmental Essay

Project finance deals usually require some form of Governmental support. What Governmental or Legislature actions create better - Essay Example It can be well depicted from the definition provided by Benjamin C. Esty, which states that â€Å"Project finance involves the creation of a legally independent project company financed with equity from one or more sponsoring firms and non-recourse debt for the purpose of investing in a capital asset†3. Project financing include various features which in turn develops the entire process to be complex and multifaceted. Few of the major characteristics involved in project financing relates to the nature of the contract among the project company and the parties who are financially responsible for the completion of the project. Project financing also involves the legal agreement between the financially accountable parties and the project company, focussed on the availability of cash to assist the operational expenditures and fulfil the requirements of debt services in any circumstances. Another major attribute of project financing is that the process includes a legal consent from the involved parties which intends to secure the process of the project financially in case of any defaults arising even after the completion of the project. Thus, the process involves various risks in form of credit and commercial threats4. The basic features identifiable from the above provided description and definitions of project financing imply that it is a legal process and requires strong and effective regulatory interventions in its course to reduce the risks involved. This signifies the role of government to be quite significant in structuring the legislative actions concerned with minimisation of risks involved in project financing. However, in project financing, not only the regulatory frameworks, but other macro-economic factors also play crucial roles which can be controlled by governmental support. Based on this thought, the paper will intend to recognise and critically evaluate the governmental measures that can effectively support project financing in the modern day context. The Complex Structure of Project Finance With a general point of view, it can be stated that project finance intends to create an entity which is based on a special-purpose and aimed at the achievement of a particular goal, unlike any other commercial institution. For instance, an entity created with the aim to develop a power plant or a petrochemical unit or a toll road or even railways and operate it with the sole purpose for serving the state5. Thus, it is quite apparent that the purpose of project finances is predominantly broad which involves multiple facets and disciplines for its achievement. It is in this context that the structure of project finances are divided into two broad disciplines, i.e. the development of the project and finance. Both the disciplines are termed to be quite significant. The progress of the project deals with the functions performed by corporate players entitled to develop the project. Similarly, the finance discipline concentrates on the fu nding of the project representing the relationship between the financial lenders and the project development6. According to the experts, project financing is a complex process which involves mu

Citric Acid Essay Example for Free

Citric Acid Essay Introduction Soft drinks contain acid and sugar. These substances contribute to tooth decay and therefore are a cause for concern. In the first part of the investigation well measure the acidity in blackcurrant juice. Labels on black currant juice drinks usually state citric acid is present in the drink, but it doesnt give you the amount of how much it contains. Dilutable soft drinks contain between 0. 15 2. 5% of citric acid research by The British Drinks Association and therefore the second part of the experiment would be to determine the concentrations of blackcurrant juice in the diluted samples. Investigation 1: Measure the acidity of the blackcurrant juice drink In order to measure the acidity of the blackcurrant juice, Ill titrate black current juice with 0. 1mol of sodium hydroxide and use a pH meter to measure its pH. Technique The technique of this experiment is titration. It is a method of chemical analysis, which is used to determine the volume of concentration needed to react with an unknown solution. Equipments needed for titration: Burette   Conical Flask   Clamp Technique of using titration method: The measurement on the burette (cm3) tells you how much solution you have poured into the substance. This is useful to find the amount of solution needed to balance with the substance. At the end of the burette, there is a small tap that allows you to control the amount of solution needed to pour into the substance. It is important to be accurate on the amount you want to put in. Therefore, right timing and quick reaction is the key skill to this experiment. There are two ways of measuring the pH: pH indicator and pH meter. pH Indicator: A pH indicator is a chemical compound. It shows the pH changes in the substance by changing its colour when added. Different indicators have different colour. They only change its colour when a certain pH is reached. pH meter: A pH meter is an electronic machine used to measure the pH in liquids. It has a special measuring probe called the glass electrode connected to the electronic meter. It will then measure and display the pH reading. Because the black current juice is darkly coloured, therefore pH indicator would not be the most suitable method for this experiment. Im going to use a pH meter for this experiment. The Science Many of the soft drinks contain acids. It is use to balance the sweetness of the sugar present in the drinks. Citric Acid is one of the most common acid uses in soft drinks. Soft drink Blackcurrant juice contains: Water, Sugar, Glucose Fructose Syrup (from wheat and maize), Blackcurrant Juice from Concentrate (4%), Citric Acid, Vitamin C, Preservatives (Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Bisulphate) and Colour (Anthocyanins) Citric Acid Citric Acid is an organic acid. We can find it from citrus fruits such as lemon and orange. It is added to soft drinks to create an acidic taste (sourness). Citric Acid also helps preserve drinks from micro-organism because of its acidity. Micro-organism can only grow and multiply in neutral condition. The reaction between Sodium Hydroxide and Citric acid: The following equation shows the reaction of whats happening during the neutralisation reaction between Citric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide: Citric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide Sodium citrate + Water C6H8O7 + 3NaOH C6H8O7Na3+ 3H2O From the equation above we have worked out 1 mole of citric acid reacts with 3 moles of sodium hydroxide (1:3 ratios). Graph Demonstration. Strong and Weak Acids Acids are vary in strength. The strength of an acid is based on the number of Hydrogen ions in the atom. Strong acids: Strong acids have a strong proclivity to donate Hydrogen+ ions. All of the strong acids such as hydrochloric acid, Sulphric acid and Nitric acid are all 100% ionised in water. This mean all the strong acid would dissolve the reaction is fully complete and no unreacted substance remains in the solution. Weak acids: Weak acids have a weak tendency to donate Hydrogen+ ions. The donation of hydrogen+ ions does not dissociate completely.

Plagiarism :: Cheating Education Essays

Plagiarism Plagiarism is not only in violation of the law, but also in violation of the ethics that we, as Americans, should possess. This is one case in which laws agree with ethics. To plagiarize means to steal and pass off the ideas and words of another as oneà °s own. It is important to recognize that this definition includes the use of anotherà °s production without crediting the source. When a person makes an effort to present an idea that has been taken from an existing source as new and original, he or she is committing an act of plagiarism. Many may not realize the extreme prevalence of plagiarism in our society. The Center for Academic Integrity conducted a survey in which they found that approximately 80% of college students admit to cheating at least once. A similar study was conducted by the Psychological Record. This study found that 36% of undergraduate students have admitted to plagiarizing written materials. A national survey was conducted and published in Education Week. It yielded the following conclusions that 54% of students admitted to plagiarizing from the Internet and 74% of students admitted that they engaged in serious cheating in the past school year. These statistics prove that this is a growing problem that needs to be solved before it becomes an even larger issue. Many teachers tend to ignore students who are cheating. According to a study conducted by Ronald M. Aaron and Robert T. Georgia, 257 chief student affairs officers across the country feel the colleges and universities do not handle this issue adequately.(Plagiarism.org 1)It can be seen that many faculty members are not willing to devote their time and effort to this growing issue. Gallup Organization has said that the two most pressing issues that are facing society today are education and a decline of ethics.(Plagiarism.org 1) How can one fix an issue that seems to be extremely demanding, when one refuses to put in time and effort? Many students feel that in order to receive a good grade they need to plagiarize, however the Writing Center from Hamilton College provides the public with alternate routes to achieve an A.

The Beat Generation

He produced many works, most notably Howl , which will be my main coco in showing a glimpse of the way these writers spoke to the world and w ere vying to be heard. Ginsberg wrote in 1955 and finished in 1956, it was his first major work to be published and to be performed in public. The poem gained a lot of popularity in San Francisco in the Beatnik scene. The title itself tells you that the poem will be loud, it's mea NT to be heard. It will not be an ode or a sonnet, but a ferocious howl of all the artistic energy, pent up frustration and solidification that his generation was struggling with.The central theme is o en of the struggle of to being conformed to the American culture and society of the ass's and ass's, the suffocating need to find their true identity and not be smothered into obedience. Starting off the e poem he says, â€Å"l saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysteric al naked [sic]† Allay 2 (Ginsberg 1), and how he believed his generation was brilliant, artistic, yet were e driven to madness by society and left vulnerable. They were desperate in â€Å"poverty and tatters† (G insider 1) and were full â€Å"with dreams, with drugs, with waking nightmares, alcohol and coco and e endless balls† (1).These people, this whole generation, who refused to conform, who rebelled w tit their writing and art and drugs and soulful jazz, but â€Å"the noise of wheels and children brought t hem down shuddering untracked and battered bleak of brain all drained of brilliance e [sic]† (1). The noise of such a domestic scenario is not only a symbol of the â€Å"normal† life the y are trying hard to escape, but also the death of their brilliance and artistic notions. To this generation sex was also highly intertwined with their work and their w ay of life â€Å"waving genitals and manuscripts† (3).It was important to this generation to b e liberal, to express everything they felt without damp ening the way it was felt, raw and powerful and loud. They wanted to be heard and â€Å"subsequently presented themselves on the granite s tepees of the madhouse with shaven heads and harlequin speech of suicide, demanding instantaneous s lobotomy† (5). I think one of the most astounding lines in Howl is when Ginsberg says, â€Å"who cut their wrists three times successively unsuccessfully, gave up and were forced to pop en antique stores where they thought they were growing Old and cried† (4).

History of the U.S. Income Tax Essay

The income tax of the United States of America, be it federal, state and local, has changed over time. Different circumstances pushed the government to create taxation and to amend the existing taxation laws. During the pre-Revolutionary War era in the 1700s, taxes were not imposed by the colonial government as their need for tax revenue did not exist. The colonies, on the other hand, had greater responsibilities therefore, had greater need for tax revenue. Because of this, different types of taxes were imposed by the colonies. The southern colonies imposed taxes on imports and exports while the middle colonies imposed taxes on property and a poll tax on each adult male. The New England colonies, on the other hand, collected taxes through property taxes, income taxes and excise taxes. When the English Parliament realized the need for money to pay for the French war, it imposed different taxes to the American colonies through the Stamp Act which was enacted in 1765. Later on, this Stamp Act was revised to include taxes for permits, newspapers, legal documents and playing cards. The Townsend Act was later on enacted by the Parliament to include taxes for paint, tea and paper . After a decade of paying taxes, there was much resistance to the tax imposed by the Parliament. During the Boston Tea Party in 1773, colonists, dressed as Native Americans, threw 342 chests of tea from a ship of the British East India Company to the Boston Harbor. In 1775, Isaac Backus during the Massachusetts Assembly said that â€Å"It’s not all America now appealing to Heaven against injustice of being taxed†¦We are persuaded that an entire freedom from being taxed by civil rulers†¦is not mere favor from any men in the world but a right and property granted us by God, who commands us to stand fast in it† . Taxation is considered as one of the factors that led to American War for Independence hence, when America gained its Independence, Article 1, Section 9, Article 4 of the U. S. Constitution in 1787 declared that there be no capitation or any direct taxes imposed on the citizens. The national government had very little responsibilities during these times and relied only on donations given by the States for its revenue. However, in 1789, the Founding Fathers realized that it could not function at its efficiency if it relied only on other governments’ donations hence the Federal Government was granted the authority to impose taxes. The sensitivity to taxation was still existing at this point in time hence the government has to be careful on how it impose taxes so as to minimize resistance from its people. Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury in the 1790s, decided that a â€Å"sin tax† was imposed . Through the â€Å"sin tax†, only items which society thinks is deviant or vice were taxed such as distilled spirits, alcohol and whiskey. However, this still led to the armed revolt called Whisky Rebellion by a group of South Pennsylvania farmers. Still during the 1790s, the Federal Government imposed direct taxes to owners of houses, slaves and land. However, when Thomas Jefferson was elected to office in 1802, these direct taxes were removed and for the succeeding 10 years, only excise taxes were imposed. The reason for this was because he realized the inverse relationship of tax rates and tax revenue wherein the higher the taxes imposed on the citizens, the slower the economy grows hence the tax revenue declines. A cut in the rate of tax means that income for the family will become higher, expenditures become higher and hence, the economy experiences growth. During the 1812 War, the need for tax revenue resurfaced again hence taxes on the sales of gold, jewelry, watches and silver were imposed. Treasury notes were also issued to raise money. However, in 1817, the Congress revoked these taxes and for the next 40 years, government revenue was based on high customs duties and sale of government or public land . In 1861, when the Civil War erupted, the Revenue Act of 1861 was enacted. This Act restored the previous taxes on personal income. This tax was similar to the modern income tax because it was based on a gradual taxation of withholding tax from its source. A person earning $600 to $10,000 a year paid 3% tax. Persons with income higher than $10,000 paid a higher rate of tax. In 1862, the debt created by the war was rising at a rate of $2 million per day hence there was another need for the government to increase its revenue. Because of this, the Congress passed another tax imposition on items such gunpowder, playing cards, telegrams, iron, pianos, yatchs, drugs, among others. After the Civil War, the need for revenue declined and hence the income tax was abolished and only the excise taxes remained from 1868 to 1913. The War Revenue Act in 1899 was enacted to raise funds for the Spanish-American War. Government revenues, thru this Act, was raised through sales of bonds, tax imposition on recreational facilities, beer and tobacco. However, the Supreme Court realized that the people of America were becoming aware that the high tarrifs and excise taxes were not good to the economic welfare of the nation and that these taxes were usually paid by the less affluent citizens. Hence, there was an agreement that business income instead was imposed tax. By 1913, Congress enacted a new income tax law which imposes 1% to 7% for persons with income above $500,000. These people earning above $500,000 was only 1% of the total United States population . During World War I, the United States needed to increase its revenue again to fund the war. The 1916 Act raised the tax imposition from 1% to 2% and could go as high as 15% for those with income of more than $1. 5 million. By 1917, the government still needs further government revenue to pay for the war, hence the War Revenue Act of 1917 was enacted. Through this Act, exemptions were lowered and tax rates increased that those who earn $40,000 needs to pay 16% tax rate. In 1918, the tax rates were further increased. Those citizens paying 1% had to pay 6%. The highest rate in 1917 was 15% but during 1918, this was increased to 77%. Due to this increase in tax rates, government revenue increased from $761 million during 1916 to $3. 6 billion in 1918. After the war, the government revenue rose and the government decided to cut taxes to 1% bottom rate and 25% top rate . The Great Depression during the late 1920s and early 1930s pushed the government to once again increase the tax rates. The Tax Act of 1932 was enacted and by 1936, the bottom tax rate was at 4% and the top tax rate reached 79%. When the World War II came, another price hike came into place which altered the tax rates. Those with taxable income of less than $500 paid a bottom rate of 23% taxes while those earning taxable income of over a million dollars paid about 94% of taxes . The tax structure in the United States was also heavily altered in that the number of taxpayers increased from 4 million during 1939 to roughly 43 million during the World War II. Throughout all these years of implementing taxation, the government learned a very important lesson which until now is being valued by government officials and economists and has affected the tax laws enacted in the country – the marginal dollar is far more important to the economy compared to the tax rate being used. The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 was implemented with this important lesson in mind. Unlike the previous taxation laws, this Act was intended to focus on marginal tax rates and it also included consumption taxes. However, due to the deep recession experienced by the country in 1982, the government was once again faced with the need to increase tax rates to overcome budget deficits. Following the 1982 recession was an economic boom which lead the country to believe that marginal tax rates are very important for a strong economy. During the Reagan administration, tax rates were further reduced and had a broader base through the Tax Reform Act of 1986. This reduced tax rate from 50% to 28% while business taxes were reduced from 50% to 35% . In 1997, the Taxpayer Relief Actof 1997 was enacted. The significant party of this Act was the Per Child Tax credit which benefited the lower-income families. During the Bush administration in 2001, the government experienced a budget surplus of about $281 billion hence a tax cut was once again conducted . This tax cut included raising the Per Child Tax Credit from $500 to $1,000 per child, as well as increased the Dependent Child Tax Credit. Until now, this tax law is being implemented and is expected to boost economic growth for the country.

Shui Fabrics Essay Example

Shui Fabrics Essay Example Shui Fabrics Essay Shui Fabrics Essay This  case is about  the implementation of an  employee involved and empowered organization  at  Elektra ProductsInc. The top management recommended  to implement such as to permit managers to follow a product from design to sales to customer; allow sales employees to get an on the spot refund of $500 worth of merchandise; make information available to sales people about future products and swap sales and manufacturing employees  for short periods to let them get to know one another’s job.Read also   ANALYSIS OF OUR SECRET BY SUSAN GRIFFINOn the other hand the  majority of the company employees upon hearing of the plan have shown disinterest and scepticism  to the idea,  due to would like to implement as per the Director of the Human Resources Department the idea for personal change would everyone’s low morale, loss of trust towards the company and  lack of communication. The  employees are not open to embrace the change that the company destr oy the carefully crafted job categories that had just been completed.The finance department argued that allowing sales people to make $500 refunds would create a goldmine for unethical customers and sales people and the legal department warned that providing such information to sales people can result to industrial spying. All these were mentioned by the employees after the CEO Martin Griffin left to attend a meeting for a particular client.Barbara Russell the vice president of the manufacturing department and part of the problem solving team is left with the idea whether to keep her mouth shut; take a chance and confront Martin to push slowly for the reform and work for gradual support from other teams; or look for another job and leave the company she really cares about. II. Objectives The  objectives of the  problem are to  provide a successful  action plan  towards  the  involvement and empowerment of the company employees and to establish a harmonious relationship   with all the employees and top management. Case Study:  Shui FabricsI. Statement of the Problem: Rocky  River Industries is thinking of cancelling tit’s joint venture with Shanghai Fabric Ltd. , due to  itsinefficient 5% ROI for the past three years,  Rocky  River Industries  is expecting Shui Fabrics to 20% ROI. Shui Fabrics  was said to be inefficient due to its unsophisticated technology and  Rocky  River  would like to reduce workforce  by incorporating more sophisticated machinery  to increase ROI to 20%. II. Objectives The  objective of the problem is to determine possible solution to keep the joint venture of Rocky River andShanghai Fabric. IV.Framework of Analysis/Evaluation of Alternative Actions: Strengths  (Internal to the organization) Shanghai Fabric  contribution to the local economy Helps decrease unemployment rate in China Weaknesses  (Internal to the organization) Company generates just the right level of profit, and had been consistently at 5% ROI Opportunities  (External to the organization) Competitors are using more sophisticated technology that doesn’t require more workforces Threats  (External to the organization) Importation of products and services from America to China can also be localized Current US tariffs and quotas could change at any timeStrengths-Opportunities Upgrading or incorporating more sophisticated machinery will increase efficiency and productivity, it will also help  Shanghai Fabric  compete with local and international competitors and more business joint ventures with other organization. Thus implementing this will help in increasing the employment rate and avoid workforce lay-off. Strengths-Threats By strengthening  Shanghai Fabric  it will help their company grow and not need a 50-50 joint venturethat  will give them 100% profit. Weaknesses-Opportunities Updating their machineries will increase the company’s return

Week three Team D Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week three Team D - Essay Example The Management and operational leaders of Boardman Management, empowers its staff to provide them with quality customer service with the little acts of kindness and offering them the hotel’s specialty services. The mission of Boardman Management Groups also includes retaining its customers by offering them a luxurious and unforgettable experience by continuously improving the quality of its employees, which ultimately improves the overall environment of the Resorts and cottages. The main goal of Boardman Management Group is to identify the individual attributes that an employee adds to its job, after getting acknowledgement and respect from its employer. The main goals of the existence of Boardman Management group also includes designing staffing, recruiting policies and to offer their employees certain benefits and payrolls. Boardman through its employee management practices try to improve the conditions of its resorts and cottages it manages, as the employees are considered to be the key component in the effective management of any place (Baderman Island, 2005). Baderman Island. (2005). Retrieved January 12, 2014, from Boardman Management Group: https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/BadermanIsland/Board

Trends and Tactics used for Mobile Marketing Essay

Trends and Tactics used for Mobile Marketing - Essay Example Consequently, the customers are able to search for the product based on the simple captivating message given and eventually purchase the product (DeMers, 2014).Starbucks is another company that managed to effectively tap into the benefits of mobile marketing, through using the reward strategy; a reward system as the major strategy for attracting and retaining the attention of the customers (Vong, 2012). Starbucks has established a reward system program that rewards its repeat customers and then is divulging this advertisement through the mobile marketing platform. Consequently, the strategy makes it easier for the target customers to be reached personally, considering the fact that most of the consumers who own a mobile phone normally have the phone with them practically all the time (Richardson, 2010). This makes it possible for the attractive reward program by Starbucks to gain more attention both through mobile accessibility and the consequent word of mouth. The Starbucks strategy is becoming very effective because; when a reward system is communicated to a target consumer through their phone, it becomes more personalized and owned by the consumer as opposed to an advertisement that could be made through TV or print media.Thus, both Starbucks and Apple Inc. have been able to tap into the mobile marketing platform effectively through applying the simplicity and the reward system strategies respectively; and thus are consequently reaping the benefit of their unique mobile marketing strategies.